To the programmers

It’s too easy! Where’s the documentation for the API? I found an injection vulnerability! Global functions from ‘window’ leak! I tried to attack your server then realized nginx was ignoring me!

Keep struggling, my pretties. The game is not meant for you, but you are good guinea pigs nonetheless. Just because the game involved programming, you found yourself so, so terribly wrong about one thing: that you understood at all what was happening.

In my previous article, I said I needed to stop thinking of Rust generics as Java generics, because in Rust, generic types are erased.

Someone gently pointed out that they are also erased in Java, the difference was elsewhere. And so, let’s learn the difference together.

Java generics

I learned Java first (a long, long time ago), and their approach to generics made sense to me at the time.

The part that makes Rust scary is the part that makes it unique.

And it’s also what I miss in other programming languages — let me explain!

Rust syntax starts simple.

This function prints a number:

fn show(n: i64) { println!("n = {n}"); }

And this program calls that function — it looks like any C-family language so far, we got parentheses, we got curly brackets, we got, uhh…

Welcome back and thanks for joining us for the reads notes… the thirteenth installment of our series on ELF files, what they are, what they can do, what does the dynamic linker do to them, and how can we do it ourselves.

I’ve been pretty successfully avoiding talking about TLS so far (no, not that one) but I guess we’ve reached a point where it cannot be delayed any further, so.

In the previous article, We’ve built a nagaqueen-based tool that can parse one ooc file, detect class declarations and print its doc strings. Today, we’re making a bit of infrastructure for our app to support more sizable projects.

Source path and lib folders

Parsing a single file was a nice milestone, but it’s not nearly enough. We want to generate documentation for a whole project at a time: and since we’ll want to cross-link the various bits of documentation we generate, we’ll also need to parse the various dependencies (such as the ooc sdk, and any used library) so that we can resolve argument types and link them properly.

I used to be afraid of async Rust. It’s easy to get into trouble!

But thanks to the work done by the whole community, async Rust is getting easier to use every week. One project I think is doing particularly great work in this area is async-std.

Let’s say we want to compute the SHA3-256 hash of a file. It’s very easy to do with synchronous I/O:

In the previous article, we saw how to use NaturalDocs, a language-agnostic documentation generator. Today we’ll see how to use brummi, a tool specific to ooc, written by Friedrich Weber.

Generating .json files

The first step to generate docs using brummi is to use rock, to generate a set of .json files describing the code. The --backend command-line option allows to select which backend you want rock to use (the C backend is the default).

In 2020, I switched from a static site generator to something homemade.

And, as tradition commands, I did a whole write-up about it.

Since writing articles and making videos is now my full-time occupation, I took some time to upgrade futile, my server software, to the latest and greatest the Rust ecosystem has to offer.

What’s a ktls

I started work on ktls and ktls-sys, a pair of crates exposing Kernel TLS offload to Rust, about two years ago.

kTLS lets the kernel (and, in turn, any network interface that supports it) take care of encryption, framing, etc., for the entire duration of a TLS connection… as soon as you have a TLS connection.

For the handshake itself (hellos, change cipher, encrypted extensions, certificate verification, etc.), you still have to use a userland TLS implementation.

Writing Rust is pretty neat. But you know what’s even neater? Continuously testing Rust, releasing Rust, and eventually, shipping Rust to production. And for that, we want more than plug-in for a code editor.

We want… a workflow.

Why I specifically care about this